Vespers is the seventh of the Canonical Hours or services
of the day of the Roman Catholic Church, and is properly held at sunset.
It is also known as Evensong, particularly in the Anglican Church. The
liturgical music for the Russian Church differed from the music of Western
Europe in several respects. It was for a different liturgy, its Russian
style was distinctive, and it was sung unaccompanied. The use of organ
or instruments was forbidden in the church, and Russian composers and
choir directors tried to achieve the utmost range and sonority from
the forces at their disposal. The range of the voices was extended,
especially downward, and the Russian basses were specially trained to
sing in their deepest register. Russian composers also found that additional
sonority could be produced by extensive octave-doublings of the voices
(i.e. soprano and tenor) and by divisi in the orchestral sense. Other
features of these choral settings were moving voices over static harmonies
and parallel chord structures. These mechanisms are well shown in this
recording, but especially in the Liturgy.
The Vespers is a setting of the Vespers, Matins, and
the First Hour as celebrated in the Russian Orthodox Church and known
as the "All-Night Vigil". The services of Matins and the First
Hour are those of the following day, sung directly after Vespers. This
procedure is characteristic of the Russian, rather than the Greek, Church;
in cathedral and parish churches the Vigil is generally celebrated in
abbreviated form, although still lasting for two hours or more, on Saturdays
and the eves of major feasts. It is only in monasteries that it is celebrated
fully, so earning its name. The Vigil is dedicated to the memory of
the scholar Stepan Vasilevich Smolensky, who had introduced Rachmaninov
to the sacred repertoire at the Moscow Conservatory. The overall impression
of this disc is of a very Russian feel, almost coarse in texture. The
choir is recorded in a very natural slightly reverberant setting in
Kiev Cathedral, but the balance and focus on the voices is well done,
and the soloists project well without being thrust forward too much.
The use of the word ‘coarseness’ is a deliberate attempt to give the
impression of a true Russian choir, without the smooth professionalism
of a Western choir. The Corydon Singers on Hyperion (CDA66460) sing
beautifully and with a most beguiling tone, but is this the true sound
of this music in the Ukraine? I must confess to being in two minds over
these recordings; this disc has its faults in that at times intonation
is suspect, diction is not as good, and there is an overall tendency
to flatness. The Corydon is also slower by four minutes, although so
expert is the singing one cannot detect any dragging, but I find that
the rough passages of the Ukraine forces almost grow on one, and of
course their performance is entirely idiomatic. The final point is the
price, the Corydon costing £14 or thereabouts.
St. John Chrysostom (347 - 407AD) was the pastor of
Constantinople and wrote an Easter Sermon c.400AD, for which he was
famed throughout the Byzantine Church. The Liturgy, or Mass, was set
by Rachmaninov to more traditional lines than the Vigil.
It is a work of the most rich and austere (in turn)
chords and musical working. I approached the work with some trepidation,
not having heard it before, and also having been warned that it was
not as interesting as the Vigil. I had my eyes opened - it is magnificent,
and extremely well performed here. The State Symphony Capella is obviously
drenched and immersed in this repertoire, and the sounds produced are
most sumptuous, and, oh! those Russian basses!! If you do not know this
work, I urge you to make its acquaintance; an hour and a half flew by,
the performance in no small way adding to my enjoyment.
The final three choruses have all been performed before,
notably on Chandos by the same forces (CHAN9802). The "Concerto
for Choir" O Mother of God, is more properly a motet for unaccompanied
voices catalogued as for three voices, on this recording listed as four.
The other two pieces are shorter with texts by Tolstoy; the "Chorus
of Spirits for Don Juan" is a gentle sacred piece, whilst Panteley
the Healer is a secular work, based on the story of Lord Panteley gathering
herbs to make potions. The second and third discs are issued under licence
from Claves of Switzerland, and are given a rich and lifelike recording,
which is not to denigrate the reproduction on the first disc, which
is likewise excellent. I wish I could say the same of the booklet, which
gives the words of all the pieces in English only; this does help to
add sense to the music, but makes it almost impossible to follow. Also
apart from the words there are no details or history about the works,
but then, what can we expect for under ten pounds? The expensive part
of producing discs I have been told, is the printing, so I suppose we
must accept the situation, particularly as when such a bargain as this
appears. If only for the sake of the Liturgy, buy it!!
John Portwood
for
details 
The Russian State Symphony
Cappella/Valery Polyansky