> SHOSTAKOVICH Symphonies Barshai [PS] PART ONE : Classical CD Reviews- Aug 2002 MusicWeb(UK)

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Dmitri SHOSTAKOVICH (1906 - 1975)
The Symphonies (Complete) -
Nos. 1, 2 "To October", 3 "First of May", 4, 5, 6, 7 "Leningrad", 8, 9, 10, 11 "The Year 1905", 12 "The Year 1917" ("To the Memory of Lenin"), 13 "Babi Yar", 14, 15.

WDR Symphony Orchestra/Rudolf Barshai, with WDR Chorus (Nos. 2, 3), Sergei Aleksashkin (bass, No. 13), Moscow Choral Academy (No. 13), Alla Simoni (sop., No. 14), Vladimir Vaneev (bass, No. 14)
Recorded at Philharmonie, Koln, 10/94 (Nos. 1, 3), 1/95 (No. 2), 4/96 and 10/96 (No. 4), 7/95 and 4/96 (No. 5), 10/95 (No. 6), 9/92 (No. 7), 3/94 and 10/95 (No. 8), 7/95, 9/95 and 4/96 (No. 9), 10/96 (No. 10), 5/99 (No. 11), 9/95 (No. 12), 9/00 (No. 13), Sometime in 1999/2000 (No. 14), 6/98 (No. 15)
Brilliant Classics 6324-1/11, Box of 11 CDs in individual cardboard sleeves, with booklet.
[670 mins.]

How often do we start out to do one thing, with a perfectly plain and straightforward objective firmly in mind, only to find that we end up doing something entirely different? This started out as a simple review. Before I knew where I was "at", I’d got myself rather swept up in it all, but by that time it seemed better to go on than start again! It ended up as what is presented below, a series of dissertations of such proportions that I’ve had to index it. Follow the usual web thingy, where you just "click on the link to get to the bit you want". Maybe you’d prefer to print it out to "read in bed"? Quite apart from its soporific potential, be warned that you’ll need in excess of 40 A4 sheets. I’m just thankful that Rob asked me to do the Shostakovich symphonies, and not the complete Haydn set!

Such is the damage that the Soviet regime wreaked that, even now, much of Shostakovich’s history remains contentious. There is no absolute authority, and I certainly make no claims to be even a "relative authority", regardless of the (false) impression endowed by the appearance of my words in print. Hence, even statements of "fact" that I make are open to argument. My opinions (of which there are plenty) are my own, and I would welcome argument with arms open wide. Of course, to argue the toss requires not only you to have read my "dissertations", but also me to have written stimulating prose. There’s only one way to find out. So, off you go then!

Index

Overture

Symphony No. 1 op. 10 (1926)

Symphony No. 2 op. 14 "To October" (1927)

Symphony No. 3 op. 20 "First of May" (1929)

Symphony No. 4 op. 43 (written 1935-6, f.p. 1961)

Symphony No. 5 op. 47 (1937)

Symphony No. 6 op. 54 (1939)

Symphony No. 7 "Leningrad" op. 60 (1941)

Symphony No. 8 op. 65 (1943)

Symphony No. 9 op. 70 (1945)

Symphony No. 10 op. 93 (1953)

Symphony No. 11 "The Year 1905" op. 103 (1957)

Symphony No. 12 "The Year 1917" op. 112 (1961)

Symphony No. 13 "Babi Yar" op. 113 (1962)

Symphony No. 14 op. 135 (1969)

Symphony No. 15 op. 141 (1971)

Round-Up and Conclusions

Overture

You pays your money and you takes your choice - this set comes packaged in either standard individual jewel-cases or cardboard sleeves. My copy is the latter. I rather like it. It’s such a neat little box. At just under an inch and a quarter thick (a nadge over three centimetres to the Euro-orientated), it belies the sheer magnitude of its contents. Just to listen through it a couple of times equates to a full three days’ work. Alright, it may be far more fun than working, but it’s still a daunting prospect. It’s only now, faced with it myself, that I start to properly appreciate the sheer effort involved in reviewing complete cycles. Suddenly humbled, I take off my hat (well, cloth cap) to those reviewers who scale heights like the Haydn Symphonies, the Mozart Edition or that Everest of oeuvres, the complete works of J. S. Bach - and somehow survive to tell the tale.

Shostakovich’s symphonies, even in their entirety, are hardly in the same league when it comes to plain, old-fashioned bulk. However, in the "salutary experience" stakes, even one Shostakovich symphony can take some swallowing, to the extent that sitting down and scoffing the lot in a single, mightily protracted gulp brings on not indigestion but another hot flush of humility. Let’s face it, even Mahler felt that three hammer blows were enough to finish him off, so what chance does a mere mortal have when repeatedly thumped in the ribs through fifteen gruelling rounds?

Sure, I’ve watched the documentaries, and I’ve read the books (some of them). But working my way through all the symphonies, one after the other, convinced me with an ear-searing immediacy that no one symphony on its own can punch home how appallingly fearful Shostakovich’s life was. That he managed to produce anything at all under such conditions is remarkable, that he produced so much is amazing, and that he somehow maintained his individuality - along with the wit to express it - under a regime that habitually murdered individualists simply beggars belief. You’d really have to have a heart of stone to listen to these symphonies from first to last and emerge at the far end entirely unscathed.

This starts to look like it has the makings of a harrowing write-up. Yet again I am humbled. How would I - or you, for that matter - have got on, had I (or you) been in his place? "First train to the salt mines" springs to mind. Yet Shostakovich not only maintained his marbles intact, but also (and don’t ask me how!) managed to hang on to his sense of humour. Whether wry, ironic, mordant, or uninhibitedly uproarious, the jester in him is irrepressible: no matter how dire things became, Shostakovich never seemed to let them get him down for long. Surely, he must be one of the few truly heroic figures in history, and prime material for a high-class, big-budget "bio-pic". I sometimes try to imagine what it would have been like, if Eamonn Andrews had ever intoned the words "Dmitri Shostakovich, this is yurr loif!" (especially compared to some of the barely-out-of-nappies dross that Michael Aspel has to contend with these days).

Mind you, we might reasonably be tempted to ask, "Which life?" There are at least two versions of the tale (plus more variants than I’ve had hot dinners). In its simplest terms, this depends largely on whether or not you believe Solomon Volkov’s Testimony. If you don’t, you have to try to extricate the "truth" from the "official" Soviet history, which is not easy (given that there are lies, damned lies, statistics, and "official" Soviet history!). Even now, with both Berlin Wall and USSR dead and buried, and much more open access to information, we would still seem to be a long way from the real truth of the matter. The one thing that’s emerging unequivocally (for now, anyway!) is that Volkov’s view is "correct", if not altogether then at least in principle - and that’s shocking enough in itself. In what follows, I’m sure it goes without saying that I am necessarily expressing what I personally have come to believe regarding Shostakovich’s life and motivations. As things stand, the "truth" is something that we each must decide for ourselves.


Anyway, as I was saying, it’s such a neat little box, a decently robust container for the 11 CDs. Unfortunately, the individual cardboard sleeves are a little too robust, or rather they are a tad too snug-fitting - getting a disc out can be a right tussle. Companies especially please note! The sleeve should be a loose enough fit so that, by holding it between the fingers and thumb of one hand and gently squidging it, the disc will slip out edgewise onto the other hand, neatly caught through the spindle-hole by a middle finger. I soon learnt to immediately apply the less than ideal remedy of easing each sleeve to give its resident CD a bit more elbow room. This is a serious complaint, as I found that the rim of CD3 was marked all around its circumference, rendering the end of the Sixth Symphony’s middle movement unplayable. I managed to salvage it, but the procedure - involving diligent polishing with a very soft cloth and a minute drop of something like "Silvo" - is hair-raisingly risky even if you’re confident that you know what you’re doing. Of course, as a consumer you would just demand a replacement, but then that may be the same! You would in any case be well advised to store the CDs in their slip-cases "upside down", with the label side facing the overlapping join in the cardboard. The real point, though, is that this simply should not be a problem in the first place.

On a brighter note, I give full marks for the very striking art-work! As is usual, both box and booklet bear the same illustration but each sleeve, following the same style, bears a different illustration. The CDs themselves all copy the CD1 sleeve illustration. The 28-page booklet contains 28 pages of English, believe it or not! I wonder if copies distributed in (say) Germany are similarly graced with all-German booklets? I sincerely hope so. Four pages are, quite rightly, devoted to a profile of Rudolf Barshai, and either one or two pages to each symphony. The former is by Bernd Feuchtner, the latter by David Doughty who deftly runs a narrative thread of historical context through his informative discussions of the symphonies. Now, it’s all starting to look dangerously like a stonking good buy for "newcomers", so I should advise such folk that prior knowledge is assumed. This is fair enough: there are lots of leads for the interested to follow up and, well, we don’t want everything dished up on a plate, pre-chewed or (heaven forbid!) pre-digested, do we?

Even the mildly-initiated will be attracted by the name of Rudolf Barshai. He’s been around a bit, and in lots of the right places. A one-time composition student and performing colleague of Shostakovich, he’s perhaps generally best known for his string orchestral arrangement of the latter’s Eighth String Quartet, but between the sheets of this web site he also gained some reflected notoriety as conductor of that recording of Mahler’s Fifth, our review of which caused such a kerfuffle a while back [see http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2001/Apr01/Mahler5.htm for the review and a supporting article by Norman LeBrecht]. His performing credentials are substantial right where it counts: creator of the Moscow Chamber Orchestra, conductor of the first performance of Shostakovich’s Fourteenth Symphony in 1969 and, as a viola-player of considerable standing, founder member of both the Borodin and Tchaikovsky string quartets. This chap would seem to be well acquainted with all the necessary personal onions.

With everything else about the booklet being ship-shape and Bristol-fashion, it’s a shame that a few words about the orchestra couldn’t have been included, seeing as the WDRSO is hardly a household name. In a sudden fit of altruism, I chased up the WDRSO website to get some information for you. It’s in German, so I had to resort to Google’s "translate-a-page" service, whence it becomes my solemn and bounden duty to pass on to you these priceless gems, verbatim seeing as I don’t think that I dare risk rendering them into colloquial English. This orchestra "developed 1947 in the northwestGerman broadcast at that time (NWDR) and belongs today to the West German broadcast", and "it is not only the ‘house orchestra’ of the WDR for radio and television productions, but presents itself also with numerous concerts in the Cologne Philharmonic Concert Hall and in the whole transmission area". In addition, "its outstanding call it acquired itself in co-operation with the principal conductors Christoph of Dohnányi, Zdenek Macal, Hiroshi Wakasugi, Gary Bertini and Hans Vonk". I hope you’re following this, because there’s a bit more yet: "as considerable guest conductors stood as Claudio Abbado, Karl Boehm, Fritz shrubs, Herbert of Karajan, Erich nuthatch, petrol Klemperer, Lorin Maazel, Sir André Previn, Zubin Mehta, Sir George Solti and Guenter wall at the desk of the orchestra". In terms of repertoire, I should mention that "apart from the care of the classical-romantic repertoire the WDR Sinfonieorchester Cologne made itself 20 particularly by its interpretations of the music. Century a name. Luciano Berio, Hans's Werner Henze, Mauricio Kagel, Krzysztof Penderecki, Igor Strawinskij, Karl Heinz stick living and Bernd Alois Carpenter belong to the contemporary composers, who specified their works - to a large extent order compositions of the WDR - with the WDR Sinfonieorchester Cologne".

Apart from now being all too well aware of the German for "shrubs", "nuthatch", "petrol" (?), "stick", "living" and "carpenter", I gather (or I think I do) that the WDRSO is a top-notch provincial orchestra on a par with (say) the UK’s BBC Philharmonic. My mouth waters at the prospect: I don’t know about you, but I generally find such orchestras far more exciting than any of the pan-global mega-orchestras. For a start, they often retain some local "flavour", and being somehow less exalted and hence nearer the gut-level ground, they seem to be more attuned to what it means to make real music for real people, don’t you think? Well, in this instance, that’s exactly what we’re about to find out, so here goes . . .

Symphony No. 1 op. 10 (1926)

Having hit the mat in Maternity only in 1906, Shostakovich was still in short pants when Lenin and Co. hit the streets in 1917, and not overlong out of short pants in 1926 when he presented his graduation thesis for the scrutiny of his professors at the Petrograd (or Leningrad, or St. Petersburg) Conservatory. It’s hardly overwhelming news that in this "thesis", his First Symphony, the young Shostakovich exposes his influences as blatantly as any young lad might his underpants through torn breeches. They are all there: Prokofiev, Stravinsky, Mahler, and Glazunov, his teacher at the Conservatory. What is perhaps surprising is that there is relatively little of Rimsky-Korsakov, who taught both Glazunov and Prokofiev, and was Stravinsky’s mentor. That’s because, by the time he wrote this landmark op. 10, the precocious youngster had already worked his way over that particular hurdle (try Shostakovich’s Scherzo, op. 1, or Theme with Variations op. 3 to be found on a Melodiya-sourced BMG twofer, cat. no. 74321 59058 2 - shades a-plenty of Rimsky-Korsakov there!).

What really brings you up short about this music is not so much the oft-voiced "astonishing accomplishment for one so young" - as a symphony, it’s as short on structural integrity as it is long on youthful bombast (and that’s not a grumble!) - but that, like Mahler’s equally youthful Das Klagende Lied, it already contains all the key elements of his maturity bar only one, and that is the ability to "carry the line". Not that we should worry - here’s a burgeoning genius, revelling in a Brave New World of Cultural Revolution, singing his socks off at the top of his voice (it would be quite a few years yet, before he had to sing his socks off to save his life). That it’s "not bad for starters" has been borne out by the music’s enduring, and richly deserved, popularity.

On went CD1. The Moment of Truth. After all the expectation-building, would my face fall? No, it didn’t; instead it was my jaw that dropped. A clear, bright trumpet, a cuddly bassoon, a clarinet tone to die for! Oh, and beautifully judged chamber-music textures, clearly etched against a warm acoustic - and I could hear all the percussion, from the black bumping of the bass drum right up to the tingle of the triangle. Doughty points out a Petrushka-like "grotesquerie", but Barshai finds more than that. Within the confines of a sprightly basic allegretto, he uncovers a delightful whimsicality interweaving the brash buffoonery, a perception he carries though to the allegro of the second movement, where Shostakovich substitutes athleticism for buffoonery. By the time I got to halfway through the lento third movement, Barshai had me dubbing this symphony "Ode to Youth". He laces the throbbing adolescent passion with spoonfuls of syrup that bring out the tang of bitter lemon in Shostakovich’s gauche trumpet-and-snare-drum fanfare figures. The eruption of the finale’s opening, basses shovelling the tam-tam up and over, is superbly done. Shostakovich adds to his brew the impetuosity of a young man, all fired up but as yet with nothing on which to vent his brimming bellyful of crackling energy, exposed nerves twitching and pulsing because they haven’t quite learnt how to insulate themselves from the raw stimuli of Life. There may be Stravinsky, Prokofiev and Mahler looking over his shoulder. Ignore them - this is Shostakovich, rearing up, kicking at the traces, and raring to go!

If, in bringing out the youthful buffoonery, zest, and unbridled passions, Barshai misses a single trick, then I didn’t spot it. His only misjudgement would seem to be the rapid-fire repeated notes at about 2'17 into the finale, which are that damned quick that they are smeared into tremolandi, though whether through imprecise articulation or "saturation" of the warm acoustic it’s hard to say. Yes, every now and then there are little lapses or awkward corners in the WDRSO’s playing, but these are nothing to write home about, particularly when compared to the spirit of their music-making, which positively bristles with vitality and (dare I say it?) commitment. Stunning.

Symphony No. 2 op. 14 "To October" (1927)

A year down the line, Shostakovich was channelling his creative energies like nobody’s business. In the euphoric years of cultural revolution the artistic community was humming, like a beehive in July, with invention and experiment. In those heady days, it was even OK to exchange ideas with the "West". Shostakovich was as happy as a pig in muck. In line with the original communist ethos, there was a great demand for enthusiastic blowing of own trumpets. The Soviet Union was an unprecedented hotbed of "team-building", which reached fever-pitch with the imminence of the 10th. anniversary of the Revolution. Shostakovich’s Second Symphony was, quite simply, written in response to a State commission for a work to glorify the achievements of the Red Revolution. And why not? Everything in the garden was rosy!

I wonder why, when the Brits belt out stuff like Rule, Britannia! or the Yanks, hands on hearts, intone God Bless America, we call it "patriotism", yet the minute the Reds of Russia try the self-same thing we call it "political propaganda" (or, worse, "agitprop")? Smacks of double standards to me. Along with the Third - and, for that matter, the Seventh, Eleventh and Twelfth - Shostakovich’s Second has come in for a fair old bit of stick for its "propagandism", the problem being that along with the propagandist bathwater, the musical baby has tended to be chucked out. To be perfectly honest (which I usually am), I think that the Second Symphony is actually a very good piece of music, lacking only a decent belter of a singable tune for its choral finale.

Moreover, in sonic terms the largo introduction is one of Shostakovich’s most adventurous passages. Light years off the beaten track of his otherwise direct style this is an incredible impressionistic wash of shifting layers of sound. At first, I thought of the opening of Rheingold, but then - well, although I can’t imagine that Shostakovich would have even heard of Charles Ives, let alone his music, this sounds for all the world as if it ought to be called "The Dnieper at Kiev, from Three Places in Little Russia"! From the black (Dylan Thomas would surely have called it "bible black") bass drum roll at the start, Barshai builds a real feeling of oily oppression and creepy-crawly foment, aided by some deeply rosiny basses.

When the main allegro molto started, I was again impressed by the sound of the WDRSO, this time particularly by the nut-flavoured woodwind and some spectacularly raucous brass. Already, Shostakovich is learning to "carry his line", courtesy of a quasi-fugal treatment of his materials. Barshai grabs the opportunity with both hands, moulding out of the embattled confusion a terrific build-up to a broader climax. With the melodic and harmonic contours veering momentarily towards Scriabin, this sounds not so much like "We are victorious!" as "Are we victorious?" Barshai equally coaxes some real Russian gloom out of the ominous disquiet of the slower central music. The final, choral section is fired off by a factory siren, apparently "keyed in F sharp", though how I don’t know! This cuts in so alarmingly that it’ll have the family dog running for cover. The WDR chorus sound full-bodied and pretty idiomatic, standing their end resolutely against the big orchestra. Only their final words, which are supposed to be "shouted", sound a bit understated, and frankly I’m a bit surprised that Barshai didn’t put a rocket under them! Chorus versus Orchestra is never an easy balance to strike, but it’s struck superbly here. There’re neither words nor translation given of the poem (by Alexander Bezymensky), though we are told the gist of it: "Lenin - struggle - October - the Commune - Lenin", which is probably all we need to know?

All in all, with some terrifically intense playing, Barshai and the WDRSO (and Chorus) make out a convincing case for this symphony, which although it isn’t Shostakovich’s best is still nowhere near the unmitigated "crock of s***e" that some folk would have us believe.

Symphony No. 3 op. 20 "First of May" (1929)

Having its origins in pre-Christian fertility rites, the traditional May Day festival celebrates the coming of spring-time with garlanded processions and maypole dancing. Or at least it does where it survives - I often wonder why in this day and age we forego the simple rustic pleasures of innocent little fertility rites. It’s likely that the festival’s association with "rebirth" or "renewal" influenced the 1889 International Socialist Congress in its designation of May Day as an international labour day, which in its turn was adopted by the Soviets to celebrate their victory over the Tsarist regime. Looked at this way, the seemingly obscure connection between floral frolics on the village green and parades of military might in Red Square becomes crystal clear, doesn’t it?

Shostakovich cheerfully opted for the same "one continuous movement with choral ending" format as he had for the Second, but adopting otherwise (as you might expect) a lighter, more festive overall tone. Doughty points out that "again there is little attempt at true symphonic form", whatever "true" might mean in relation to such an all-embracing, infinitely flexible musical model as the Symphony. My feeling is that Shostakovich deliberately sacrificed the relatively conventional form and much of the melodic invention of his First Symphony at the altar of colourful and rhythmic effect, so that he could concentrate on honing his argumentative techniques - and that’s why the Second and Third symphonies are generally regarded as the crucibles in which he forged his mature style. Once he’d cracked that, he would turn his attention - in no uncertain terms - to the question of symphonic architecture.

Performance-wise, it’s much the same tale as before: right at the outset, the pastoral tone - presumably representing workers peacefully working - is finely spun (those luscious clarinets again!), and the ensuing balalaika-like thrumming of strings - presumably representing workers downing hammers and sickles for the festivities - sounds as fresh as new paint. The ensuing whirl of merriment seems to go on for fun-filled ages, and to my ears Barshai never puts a foot wrong, even by the merest whisker. The playing of the WDRSO is vivid and alive in every bar, trumpets and horns in particular having a whale of a time. Towards the end of this allegro, there’s a comical passage for woodwind (shades of the composer’s contemporary The Age of Gold) which is deliciously done.

The allegro struts off into the distance, leaving behind what I imagine as nocturnal, vodka-induced hallucination: eerily groping high strings are punctuated by ’ecky thumps from drums and brass, and ghostly dancing veers from weird to wonderful by way of whacky - and that’s exactly how it’s played! Come the "dawn", and the shenanigans resumes, this time firmly in "Keystone Kops" territory with Barshai deftly choreographing the orchestra’s frenetic antics. Artfully vaulting from Shostakovich’s "chase" to "riding" mode, the conductor displays an almost equestrian proficiency, steering his surging stallion with a nudge of the heels here and a tug on the reins there. A big, bold climax triggers a drum roll over which jut jagged unison phrases (the birth of another Shostakovich trademark?). Shuddering basses, miry tuba, sonorous tam-tam, slithering strings conspire to lecture us on the bad old days - the cue for the chorus to make resonant pronouncements about "hoisting flags in the sun", and marching sturdily into a (sadly) fairly commonplace conclusion.

Good music, or bad music? Maybe here that’s not the question. Good performance or bad? Ah, that is the question! This orchestra may not have been born to play Shostakovich, but by golly it sounds like it. That is I suspect all due to Mr. Barshai, who leaves no stop un-pulled.

Symphony No. 4 op. 43 (written 1935-6, f.p. 1961)

Try to imagine what it would be like to sit down to breakfast one sun-soaked morning, basking in both sun and successful career, open the paper, and read that in your absence you have been tried and condemned for a crime that wasn’t even considered naughty when you did it. Worse, the "crime" is the very reason that you are successful and much admired by your peers. Bemused, you set off for work, only to see posters publicly displayed declaring you to be an "enemy of the people". A scenario so horrific and grotesque could only have come from Kafka, couldn’t it? Yet, this is precisely how Shostakovich’s honeymoon with the Soviet state ended - "in tears" doesn’t even begin to describe it.

The cause of all the fuss was not the Fourth Symphony (though had he got it out sooner, it might well have been), but what was his first really serious composition, the opera Lady MacBeth of the Mtsensk District, which contains many of the elements that opera fans the world over have come to know and love - humiliation, violent sexual harassment, lust, jealousy, rape, whipping, murder by rat-poison, adultery, murder by strangulation and beating, drunkenness, bullying, murder by drowning, suicide by drowning. All good, clean fun? Not to the politically correct Mr. J. Stalin and his cohorts. Deciding that they knew what was best for the USSR, they undertook some draconian measures of ensuring that everyone followed their advice.

In a way, Shostakovich was lucky: while Meyerhold, the producer of Lady Mac., was "taken out" in 1940, Shostakovich survived - by keeping his head well down. Nape-tinglingly aware that the music of the Fourth Symphony had a distinct family resemblance to that of the opera, he withdrew it. There are two consequences that are usually glossed over. Firstly, regardless of anything else (like his skin), it must have hurt him like hell; the Fourth was his first unequivocally "great" symphony, a massive work of Mahlerian proportions over which he must have sweated blood. Secondly, in spite of the enraged bitterness of much of the music, this is still the product of that "honeymoon", and no matter how much it sounds like it ought to, there is no trace of the musical "subversion" that was to come. Thirdly ("NOBODY expects the Spanish Inquisition!"), that in itself begs the question, "So what was the cause of all that enraged bitterness?" Now, that is the question - please write your answers on £5 notes and send to me c/o Musicweb!

Or. so I thought. Another version of the tale has it that Shostakovich became aware of the beginnings of Stalin’s first "Purge", which began in the confines of government and only gradually spread outwards, in the last few months of working on the Fourth. He wouldn’t feel the lash personally until the Lady Mac. debacle a few months after finishing the symphony, and although too late to influence the content of the symphony overall, it is likely that this awareness may have moved him to "tailor" its ending to reflect his feelings. If so, then this lends to the closing pages of the work a certain political significance that marks the beginning of his "career" (see Thirteenth Symphony!) as a musical subversive.

The Fourth Symphony’s first movement alone lasts as long as the whole of any of the first three symphonies, yet is so packed with extreme invention that its doesn’t seem like it - provided, that is, the conductor knows what he’s about. Doughty refers to the work’s "sprawling undisciplined mass of ideas" Hum. Granted, it is episodic, but the episodes do have a definite connective logic, and if this is not managed properly - preferably with an iron fist in a velvet glove - the whole thing does indeed rapidly deliquesce into a messy puddle on the floor.

Without going into detailed comparisons, I think I can safely say that Rudolf Barshai has given us a performance of this movement which can hold its head up in all but the most exalted company. His one misjudgement is not artistic but practical: the hurricane-force string-led fugue towards the end of the "development" is too fast - not for the players, who rip into it with gob-smacking venom, but simply because the acoustic and/or the microphones can’t comfortably resolve the seething cascades of notes! Admittedly, the players are clawing at (or maybe even a bit beyond) the limits of their capabilities, and the ensemble is thus a bit scrappy, but it doesn’t half get you onto the edge of your seat. That aside, with nary a tempo or tempo change that feels "forced", Barshai’s grip on the proceedings is iron-fistedly phenomenal but never, as befits a velvet glove, glaringly obvious.

Mind you, within this disciplined framework, the orchestra’s playing is as overheated as you could wish. The WDRSO players, as witness the above-mentioned string fugue, may not have the scalpel-bladed precision of Ormandy’s Philadelphians, but they more than make up for it with some truly gut-wrenching violence and finely-drawn bemused and desolate interstices, leaving you with the feeling that perhaps the most staggering thing about this movement is that Shostakovich had the gall to mark it simply allegretto poco moderato. "Allegretto" indeed - who does he think he’s kidding?

Significantly, the second movement is cast in that sine qua non of simple layouts, extended binary form, and its main subject bound by that most rigorous of compositional processes, the fugue. It wears its badge of allegiance to the Mahlerian Landler with justifiable pride. Barshai resolves the apparent conflict between moderato and the qualifying con moto to produce a dancing interlude that combines rustic delicacy and rumbustiousness, troubled only as the end of each main section approaches by surges of repressed bile. Barshai brings out a feeling that the composer was, for some reason best known to himself, gipping on his own sweet-meats. The players respond with evident affection, and the sheer sound that they make is a joy to hear - especially in the "tick-tock" percussion coda, recorded with crystal clarity, with its gently tramping basses, whirring violins, and delectable flute fluttertonguing.

The imposing canvas of the third and final movement is a more satisfying symphonic experience than either of the previous symphonies. Doughty suggests that it is in five sections - which we might call "Funeral March", "Allegro", "Waltz", "Scherzo" and "Peroration and Coda" - but doesn’t add that the "Scherzo" is embedded within the "Waltz", an important contributor to the movement’s symmetry and complementarity. Yet again, Barshai’s grasp of the music’s logic is impressive. Refusing to confuse the initial largo marking with adagio, he imposes a consistent onward flow and builds the pressure inexorably. The WDRSO respond by punching home the climax with doom-laden ferocity. In the sharply-etched "allegro", Barshai skilfully graduates the several ostinati, with one exception which he presents with rigid, maddening monotony: this ostinato, or its twin brother, will return to madden us again in the Eighth Symphony! If that were not enough, the ensuing build-up and climax are a distinct pre-echo of the finale of the Seventh.

In my book, nobody ever puts across the witty surrealism of the bibulous "Waltz" with quite the same style as Gennadi Roszdestvensky (heard live), though whether you’d want to live with his extreme exaggerations on CD is quite another matter. Veering, albeit less vertiginously, between ballroom and fairground, Barshai’s must surely be some sort of golden mean, coaxing some leery playing with (I would guess) a round of carefully measured tots of vodka - possibly confirmed by the increasingly hectic scramble of the "Scherzo".

The WDRSO blast out the "Peroration" to literally terrible effect, the two sets of antiphonally-placed tympani thundering murderously if with less than ideal precision - but at least the tymps. are antiphonally divided, unlike several other recordings (including Ormandy’s). I must admit that I prefer a tempo more like Haitink’s, with more majestic air around the angular figurations. Or at least I thought I did, until now: Barshai’s faster pulse sets the music thrashing about in a fit of furious rage. That may not only be equally valid, but also make a telling point out of what is generally just a passing observation.

The observation is that the wittering string ostinato, emerging from the tail end of the "Waltz", is a dead ringer for an effect in the third movement of Mahler’s Second. Alright, maybe lots of us know that already, but then consider the "Waltz/scherzo" from which it emerges. Doesn’t this equally parallel Mahler’s expressed commentary on the banalities and trivia of life? If so, then it follows (with impeccable logic!) that Shostakovich’s "Peroration" is his equivalent of Mahler’s "Cry of Disgust". This would account nicely for Barshai’s furioso frazzlemente approach. The thing is, once you accept that much, you start to wonder about parallels between Mahler’s and Shostakovich’s first two movements (go on, you do it!). The conclusion, and the reason for all Shostakovich’s anger (growing political awareness apart), might be that he is finally fed up to the back teeth with writing nothing but shed-loads of relatively trivial "gee up, folks, and let’s have fun" music. The symphony would thus appear to be a declaration of the motivations hiding behind Lady MacBeth’s skirts. The anguish of that public pillorying must have been privately doubled by having to choke this symphony at birth. That we can today enjoy the privilege of listening to it must, appropriately and retrospectively, make it Shostakovich’s Resurrection Symphony - a delicious irony!

How ironic then that it should end, not in triumphant affirmation, but inconclusive ethereal musing. The WDRSO’s gruff basses, unearthly woodwind, silken string lines, and liquid celeste all pulsing and shining as if from some realm a million miles away. Shostakovich, like Arthur C. Clarke’s Star-Child, is "not sure what he would do next, but he would think of something".

Part 2

Part 3


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