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              SEEN 
              AND HEARD CONCERT REVIEW
               
            
            Xenakis, Benjamin, Ligeti, and Messiaen:
            
            Philharmonia Orchestra, George Benjamin (conductor). Royal Festival 
            Hall, London, 21.10.2008 (MB)
            
            Xenakis – Pithoprakta
            Benjamin – Sudden Time
            Ligeti – Atmosphères
            Messiaen – Chronochromie
            
            
            This was in many respects a fine concert. It had an intelligent 
            programme, based upon the idea of ‘Sensations in Time’, presenting 
            ‘four different views of time passing’. Four excellent composers, 
            connected but with highly individual modernist voices, were 
            featured. The Philharmonia Orchestra played under the baton of one 
            of them, George Benjamin, himself the favourite pupil of another, 
            Olivier Messiaen. Moreover, the performances were technically 
            precise – no mean feat in such technically challenging repertoire – 
            and displayed an impressively wide variety of orchestral colour.
            
            Xenakis’s Pithoprakta (‘actions though probabilities’) is 
            written for forty-six strings, two trombones (used only once but 
            with great impact), xylophone, and woodblock. The sound-world is 
            startlingly original, although the Bartók of the Music for 
            strings, percussion, and celesta actually sprang to my mind. One 
            can imagine – and I did on this occasion – the glissandi in 
            the score and performance as flickerings upon a radar screen or as 
            figures of fractal geometry. There is also a sense of the natural 
            world, intentionally or otherwise, of the swarming of bees. I even 
            fancied that in the sweepings of the strings I heard a recollection 
            of Messiaen’s beloved ondes martenot. Punctuating these sounds were 
            the interventions from the regular sounding of the woodblock: 
            implacable and somehow both disturbing and reassuring. The musicians 
            of the Philharmonia could hardly be faulted in their execution of 
            the score, directed by Benjamin with precision and understanding. 
            And yet, I missed the last ounce – and perhaps the last few ounces – 
            of aggression, of that raw power that complements Xenakis’s 
            intellectual achievement. One may differ from Boulez’s fastidious 
            judgement that Xenakis had a fantastic brain but absolutely no ear, 
            but one wishes to hear the quality that led a fellow Messiaen pupil 
            to speak thus.
            
            Many would find the sound-world of Benjamin’s Sudden Time 
            more ingratiating. There is certainly more of a sense of landscape, 
            perhaps both temporal and visual. A French heritage, especially that 
            of Debussy, is apparent, especially in the sonorous woodwind – here 
            performed with aplomb – and in the work’s harmony. A duet between 
            harp and English horn was especially haunting in this performance, 
            reminiscent of or perhaps even prefiguring the antique evocations of 
            Birtwistle. The whole orchestra was on fine form but particular 
            mention should also go to leader Maya Iwabuchi, the muted trumpets, 
            and guest principal viola, Jane Atkins, with whose closing solo time 
            finally becomes passed – or past. Benjamin’s ‘sense of elasticity, 
            of stretching, warping, and coming back together,’ born of a dream 
            in which a split-second thunderclap sounded stretched out to a 
            minute or longer, was powerfully conveyed by the composer and his 
            musicians. So was the line from Wallace Stevens’s Martial Cadenza, 
            from which Benjamin acquired the work’s title: ‘It was like sudden 
            time in a world without time.’
            
            Ligeti’s Atmosphères received a splendid performance, wanting 
            nothing in the mystery that is almost its trademark. There was an 
            almost organ-like quality to the brass close to the beginning. 
            Piccolos were properly piercing and the double-basses thundered as 
            they should. Under the once-again swarming surface, the constantly 
            moving and changing harmonic structures made their presence felt. 
            Although Ligeti said that he had not known of Xenakis’s precedent, 
            it was an excellent idea to perform this 1961 classic of note 
            clusters and polyrhythms with Pithoprakta from five years 
            earlier.
            
            In Chronochromie, Messiaen explores the relationship between 
            sound and colour, making this a most apt work with which to 
            conclude, if not quite to climax. There was much to commend in this 
            performance. Messiaen’s voice was as unmistakeable from the outset 
            as that of his birds. The tuned percussionists who provided such a 
            riot of birdsong were truly outstanding. Benjamin imparted an 
            unerring sense of harmonic direction and the distinction to which 
            Messiaen himself referred, between implacable rigour (modes of 
            duration) and freedom (birdsong) was readily apparent. I thought the 
            violins a little lacking in vibrancy when playing en masse, 
            but they truly came into their own in the exhilarating if fatiguing
            Epode: free counterpoint of eighteen independent (bird) 
            voices, connecting with the Xenakis and Ligeti works. The coda came, 
            as it should, as a relief, after such mania, disorder, or ‘freedom’, 
            however one wishes to understand it.
            
            What, then, was the source of my nagging doubts?  I do not think it 
            was a matter of Messiaen fatigue at this stage in the anniversary 
            year. (His piece, though the longest, was only one of four.) I think 
            ultimately it lay in Benjamin’s direction and certainly not in the 
            Philharmonia’s execution. Chronochromie in particular lacked 
            the final sense of awe, that quality again of raw power, of 
            Messiaen’s music being ‘about’ something other than itself. It was 
            almost prettified. Perhaps the same could be said about 
            Pithoprakta. I am all for new music – although none of this is 
            actually so new anymore – being treated in classical fashion, just 
            as classical music can profitably be treated as new. Yet the sense 
            of trail-blazing discovery – and the music featured in this 
            programme is surely as trail-blazing as music comes – was somewhat 
            blunted. There was a commendable attention to detail throughout. 
            Detail, however, should heighten the impact of the greater picture; 
            this was not always the case here. An audition on returning home of 
            Boulez’s superlative Cleveland recording of Chronochromie 
            reassured me that precision and expression are far from antithetical 
            in such repertoire. For all the nonsense that is spoken of Boulez’s 
            alleged ‘objectivity’ – itself by now almost a meaningless word in 
            such a context – that Messiaen pupil imparted a greater sense of the 
            subject, of conflict, of drama.
            
            
            Mark Berry
            
            
            
            
            
	
	
			
	
	
              
              
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